The few performed studies showed that steel slag aggregates tend to have a higher density and an increased water absorption in comparison with natural aggregates. Very limited research was done so far on its application in production of a normal concrete and even less for the self-compacting concrete. Properties: Tests of typical steel slag base course materials, using the California Bearing Ratio test (ASTM Method D 1883) on soaked specimens compacted to modified Proctor densities (ASTM Method D 1557), gave the results shown in the table above. Depending on the intended steel quality (carbon steel or stainless/high alloy … During smelting, when the ore is exposed to high temperatures, these impurities are separated from the molten metal and can be removed. Steel slag, an unavoidable by-product in iron and steel production, may soon finds its way into agricultural land as soil nutrient, potentially cutting down India’s dependence on fertiliser imports. Steel Slag - Asphalt Concrete INTRODUCTION Steel slag can be processed into a coarse or fine aggregate material for use in dense- and open-graded hot mix asphalt concrete pavements, (1,2,3) and in cold mix or surface treatment applications. In nature, iron, copper, lead, nickel and other metals are found in impure states called ores, often oxidized and mixed in with silicates of other metals. 2SiO2, and some other oxides exist in steel slag (Sersale, Amicarelli, Frigione et al., 1986; Shi, 2004). For example, slags from stainless steel production are susceptible to high leaching rate of chrome. However, slag could be used to treat acid soils or acid mine drainage. • Blast furnace slag may be used in concrete. This process causes several chemical reactions to take place within the slag, and gives the material its cementitious properties. This rapid cooling, often from a temperature of around 2,600 °F (1,430 °C), is the start of the granulating process. the thermochemical properties and the thermophysical properties. In appearance, steelmaking slag looks like a loose collection, and appears hard and wear-resistant due do its high iron (Fe) content. The liquid slag is tapped at temperatures around 1600 °C and allowed to slowly air-cool forming crystalline slag. The major components of these slags therefore include the oxides of calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, and aluminum, with lesser amounts of manganese, phosphorus, and others depending on the specifics of the raw materials used. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Table ( 3 ): Typical physical properties of steel slag. Slag is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated (i.e., smelted) from its raw ore. Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) steelmaking, electric-arc-furnace (EAF) steelmaking, and ladle-furnace steel refining processes. Any sandy component or quartz component of the original ore automatically carries through the smelting process as silicon dioxide. • Steel slag cannot be used in confined applications such as in concrete, pipe or structure backfill due to the potential for expansion. Basic oxygen steel (BOS) slag is a by-product from the further refining of liquid iron to produce steel by removal of non-essential elements through oxidation and in combination with lime flux. The density of steelmaking slag lies between 3.2 grams per cubic centimeters (g/cc) to 3.6 g/cc. As the slag has a lower density than steel, it floats on top of the molten bath of steel. U.S. ferrous slag production, but domestic slag sales1 in 2019 were estimated to be 17 million tons valued at about $470 million. From this and the added fluxing agents molten slag and iron are formed. The steel slag is used as a secondary cementitious binder, or aggregates for road construction (Sheen et al., 2013; Manso et al., 2004). INTRODUCTION. Andrzej Cwirzen, in Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications, 2020. Since the unit volume of Portland cement is reduced, this concrete is less vulnerable to alkali-silica and sulfate attack. Steel slag aggregates can be acidic or basic and can leach hazardous elements (Pellegrino and Faleschini, 2016). In appearance, steelmaking slag looks like a loose collection, and appears hard and wear-resistant due do its high Fe (iron) content. [1] examined the density, workability and compressive strength assessment of steel slag in concrete. Slag from steel mills in ferrous smelting, on the other hand, is designed to minimize iron loss and so mainly contains oxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, and aluminium. The physical characteristics such as density, porosity, and particle size, are affected by the cooling rates and chemical composition. The density of steelmaking slag lies between 3.3 to 3.6 tons/cum. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 131.9727 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 1.222 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³] . Depending on the used production technology, the steel slag can be divided into a basic oxygen steel slag, an electric arc furnace slag and a ladle furnace slag (De Brito and Saika, 2013). The slag has a lower density than steel and therefore floats on top of the molten steel. STUDY ON CEMENTITIOUS PROPERTIES OF STEEL SLAG G. Zhua , Y. Haoa , C. Xiaa , Y. Zhanga , T. Hua , S. Suna,* a Central Research Institute of Building and Construction, Beijing, China (Received 10 August 2012; accepted 2 February 2013) Abstract The converter steel slag chemical and mineral components in China’s main steel plants have been analysed in the The smelting of copper, lead and bauxite in non-ferrous smelting, for instance, is designed to remove the iron and silica that often occurs with those ores, and separates them as iron-silicate-based slags. Slag is used in the manufacture of high-performance concretes, especially those used in the construction of bridges and coastal features, where its low permeability and greater resistance to chlorides and sulfates can help to reduce corrosive action and deterioration of the structure. However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. The filter beds then retain the slag granules, while the water drains away and is returned to the system. In addition, concrete containing steel slag aggregate displays satisfactory compressive strengths and flexural strengths [ 28 – 30 ]. [6], Glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated from its raw ore, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The chemical composition of glass in Ancient Egypt by Mikey Brass (1999)", "High Performance Cement for High Strength and Extreme Durability by Konstantin Sobolev", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slag&oldid=998135873, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 00:17. density of slag, solid is equal to 2 114 kg/m³. The actual properties of steel slag total are in a way that is better than those of crushed limestone total. At the same time the abrasion resistance tends to be enhanced (Anastasiou and Papayianni, 2006). [4] The slag can also be used to create fibers used as an insulation material called slag wool. [5] To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone and/or dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar. In BF slag, FeO is around 0.70%, whereas in case of steel slag, total iron content varies from 16 to 25%. Table 10.1. A slag by-product of such workings was a colorful, glassy, vitreous material found on the surfaces of slag from ancient copper foundries. The process, e.g waste footprint with Portland cement as part of blended... These impurities are separated from the molten metal and can leach hazardous elements ( Pellegrino Faleschini. A vast number of differential metallurgical processes in use calcium byproduct created during the reaction of Portland cement clinker of! 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